| Proto-Indo-European Sound | Germanic | Latin | Later English Borrowing |
| p | f (father) | p (pater) | paternal |
| t | q (three) | t (tres) | trio |
| k | h (hound) | k (canis) | canine |
| b | p (lip) | b (labium) | labial |
| d | t (two) | d (duo) | dual |
| g | k (acre) | g (ager) | agriculture |
| bh | b (brother) | f (frater) | fraternal |
| dh | d (mead) | f, l, or w (mel) | mellifluous |
| gh | g (wagon) | h (veho) | vehicle |
Fill in the missing English words below.
| Proto-Indo-European Sound | Latin | Later English Borrowing | Original English Word |
| p | piscis | Pisces |
|
| d | decem | decade |
|
| k | centum (c = k) | century |
|
| bh, g | fragilis | fragile |
|
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