Give the phonemic transcription of the following words as pronounced
in Standard American English.
| peat
bit wait bat but boot boat or cow tight language thwart loved monotonous changes friend system musician palm pneumonia fuel whom mill X-ray rat oven autumn gray sprig young brown strong thin ether bath rush mission chin feel twine which canyon singer cram ten sir distinguished secondary peach west left |
feet
pet late above love push sold pot pout boy trapped these pleasure enterprising mostly teacher ready crackers music attitude wish when must dear hen ox safe shut ripe path crazy bottom three feather there rouge here gin rid quiet whether simmer finger drummer trill pertain nasal features judge yes relative |
pit
bet pat soda pool put port bottle buy toil spouts this quickly frenetic very semantics more peanuts photographer psalm request cheese oily crow mother now approach fresh fasts by word fawn thorn teeth then vision ahoy fear lid quite wild sinner mad new capable tender characterized sound says rest height |
Give the symbol(s) from the International Phonetic Alphabet for the
following English sounds:
2. the bilabial nasal
3. all voiceless alveolar consonants
4. all palatovelar consonants
5. all voiced labial (bilabial and labio-dental) consonants
6. all voiceless alveolopalatal fricatives and affricates
7. all voiced fricatives
8. all voiceless stops
9. the voiceless labiodental fricative
Fijian has prenasalized stops among its inventory of souncs. The prenasalized
stop [nd] consists of a nasal pronounced immediately before
a stop, with which it forms a single sound unit. Consider the following
Fijian words as pronounced in fast speech. On the basis of these data,
determine for Fijian whether [d], [nd], and [t] are allophones
of a single phoneme or whether they constitute three distinct phonemes.
| vindi | 'to spring up' | dina | 'true' |
| kenda | 'we' | dalo | 'taro plant' |
| tiko | 'to stay' | vundi | 'plantain banana' |
| tutu | 'grandfather' | manda | 'first' |
| viti | 'Fiji' | tina | 'mother' |
| dovu | 'sugarcane' | mata | 'eye' |
| dondo | 'to stretch out one's hand' | mokiti | 'round' |
| vevendu | (a type of plant) |
Examine the following words of Tongan, a Polynesian language. On the
basis of these data, determine whether [s] and [t] are allophones of a
single phoneme in Tongan or distinct phonemes.
| tauhi | 'to take care' | sino | 'body' |
| sisi | 'garland' | totonu | 'correct' |
| motu | 'island' | pasi | 'to clap' |
| mosimosi | 'to drizzle' | fata | 'shelf' |
| motomoto | 'unripe' | movete | 'to come apart' |
| fesi | 'to break' | misi | 'to dream' |
| sili | 'fishing net' | tuku | 'place' |
| fete | 'lump' | lamasi | 'to ambush' |
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